Piercing tool



April 17,1945- E. Q. MORTON I 2,374,031

PIERCING TOOL Filed April 1, 1944 -2 sheets-sheet 2 WITN ESSES'.

MMM@

INVENTOR l ATTORNEY Patented Apr. 17, 1945 I einsame 'ro'oLl'Fennsylyana- .invention relates to. thei'manufactureot Pitot. tubes forindicating, the speed.' of themedi'um. surrounding the Pitot. tube with.reference..

tothe Plt'ot tubeA and, more particularlymy' i'n.-

ventionrelates to atoolfor use in.the manut'ac ture' of certain elementsof Pitot.- tubes..

Pitottubes. used for indicating*thespeedI of aircrafts arey oftensubjected to extremely low- 1. temperature at high. altitudes and.Certainsea- 'Q sons.A Such tubes. are. thusvvery likely to becomecloggedby iceandthe intended function. is thus notobtained;- To eliminate theformation oij' ice. suchtubes are: provided with heaters,V more,par-ticularly electric. heaters, and. the construe--V itionissuch that`the moisture they may' collect as--icef-or slugs. of liquid is, becauseof the-heattubeythe plugV being; shown in.

tion Aand; the tool beinashown in it's first opre ers and suitable drainopenings, discharged-from thej-tulrie-i To control thetransmissiorrpressure from. the front. ot the tubel and to heat. thetubeand iluid,-the tube is provided` in.4 its. interior with heatconducting plugs. Theseplugshousing. the: heaters are. brazed orsoldered into posi,-

tion,z and: are. providedwithy suitable channelsyto permitthe dynamicand static pressurey to.r be.- transm-itted to thel back of the tubeandi from` there to the indicating4 instrument.`

An. object of. `my invention is to provideJ a special tool.. forproviding the heat-conducting plugs of af Pitot.l tube with the requiredchannels. for-transmitting the dynamic: pressure to the: desired point.y

A broad objectof my invention` ils-the .provisionr of tube piercingtools for piercing tubes from: the inside. t .y

A more specific object of my invention is the provision" `of a suitablyshaped, tool that-may be inserted in the open. end of. a metaltube,.andf by .mieans of one simple manipulation, pierces the tube bythe application ot..a.piercing point f or. tooth-to the inner surface of'the'tubeand.

forcing the toothv through the tube rnaterialto project to the outersurfacev ofthe tube.4

l The principal object of my invention. is to. provide an improvedmethod of manufacture of Pitot tubes that will require less labor timeand willobtain a. lower cost ,oflmanufactura The objects herein recitedare merely illustrative and many other objects will become apparent'from a .study of `the following specicationandthe accompanying drawingsin which: .Figure lhshowsvsa longitudinal section Atot a Pitot tubeillustrating the dispositiony of the' heat'.- conducting plugs.. in. thetube;

E152 shows aside view of my speciali. toolinsert'ed'.intoA a heatconducting. plug. of! aV Pitot ating position;j

[Eiglfis' afview similar to 4 shown'in. its second operating position;

.4 `a transversesectionaly view on line.vr

Fig. 5 shows. how an alternative type offtopi-` mayfbe used" foreffecting the piercing ope'ratiliri;-

Figs. 6I and' 7' show further'y modifications.Soif

a tool .for piercing atube fromthe inside,... y'

A'I'n vonehfor'm. of Ptot .tubel used' for irniic'at-` ing. the air?speed of an. aircrattthe. tubehasa; v cylindrical' housing I`provided'wiyth a no'seand. an' openingf` at thev front. The Pitottubejisj mounted; on Athe aircraft' to point. in.- theg'enera'l direction'the? aircraft isimovingso thatjthe dyf.

naniicgpressure' mayenter at openingSlf At the, inside'the tubev isprovided witha frontgheat .conducting plug .4 anda rear ,heatconducting.

plug" fi". l Plug l fis lgr'az'ed orsolderevd' ntolftl'e., front ofthe'.t'ub'e' just' back; of the drain openings 6 and house'sthe' electricheater .1.

'Tlie plug' fff is provicvle'd'` with channel'ffjor receivingthetube 8havingthe side". openingsl '.9' for; ,rejceij,ving 'the dynamic presesure of; the' fluid*v and,fortransmittingLit toy the l'ower' well, `orchannel; .l0 in' plug' 5. y. From channelE l0' thepre'ssurejis'transmitted through' :the: vertical channel! Ijplugjii tothe tube l2"suit-1 ably'connected to' an indicating instrument'jfnot shown); Thetube 8 is', ofcourse, hermetically"- sealed to the yplug Vil. and also.hermetica'lly sealed' to' thefpglug 5 at itsentrance into.' thetchannell Iii;- VPlug 5 nam-ic pressure may bejtra'nsmittedto the" tubey12,. it' was' necessary' ,to-drill 'a hole from out` side ofthe 'pluginto the' lower end`- of `Welli Ijll and thenthrough .the wall f3 at itsright-hand' endf' `{I hifshol'efhad' to be tapped at Ij5 anda; threadedplug I6 was then'linserted andr securely brazed. intcyposition so yasto.l .be leakprooi.y vA1'- terftlieplug' wasassexnbld in 'the-tube tandthe.. p11ug"5 `s'ecunel'y brazefd", into place, a r``drain` hole" Ilwas. drilled through the' .tube fand" through the closureplug. 6 to'pro'yide'a small.

openingr so .that mev uqam' that mightuqiieqt .in cliarmelf- IU"was`expe1ldf through tliisdrain' l raam` Fig.. 4; it warte apparent niet-thesep;-r araiting wall t'tjisrelativelythinv at i8. :litnere-y alsohouses a `heater in its upperj the end at the rightl is substantiallyskull-shaped,

considering the shape of a skull of a squirrel, minus the lower `iaw.The skull-shaped portion, as seen from the right in Fig..4, is so shapedand dimensioned as to substantially ll and conform at the upper regionof the tool to the inner contour of the well 25 in the plug 5. The toolis cut away as shown at 21 and provided with a single relatively narrowtooth 28. The righthand end of the tool may also be described as' beingshaped like the head end of a hooded cobra.

In operation, the tool isinsertedin theupper well 2S from the'left untilit holds` aposition as shown in Fig. 2, thenby merely movigthe tool tothe positionshownin Fig. 3 in the plane including thev axes ofthechannel orwell I0 and the well 26, the skull-shaped end iscaused tonod forward. The dome of thegskull acts as a fulcrum and the toothpierces the tube at I8 so that an opening is formed between the well I0and the well 26 at the .right-hand end of the wells. l f

In Fig. 5. I show a plug5' similar tofplug 5 shown in Figs y1, 2 and 3but ln this case I insert a tool from the left into the channel I0', thetool being Va reamer or drill and by holding it at an angletheseparating wall I3'is broken at 1B.

In Fig. 6 I show a modification of my device for piercing a tube fromthe inside. In vthis showing I provide a base 30 upon which I mount theplug or block holding or positioning jig 3l having the groove 32. As iswell known the plug 5 for its upper half regionalrnost fills the housing I but it is provided with longitudinal grooves at each side of thelower portion having the channel l0. The lower portion isA thus narrow.The groove 32 is designed to, receive this lower-narrow portion to thuscorrectly4 verticallylposition the plug 5 on the. jig. .The jig also hasthe stop 33 to axially correctly position the plug 5 on the base withreference to the tool 34. This tool `34 is shaped as shown and ispivotedonA arbor 35. A.- spring 36 biases the tool 34 for counterclockwiserotation.

A tool operating lever 43'! is pivotedon arbor 38 to which the cam 39 iskeyed. The'parts are shown in the operated position. By moving `thelever 31 counterclockwise through a relatively small angle vthe cam 39will move sufficiently so that the spring 3 6 will operate the tool 34counterclockwise an amount suflcent to positionl the tool axis slightlyelevated at the right. When vthe tool 34 is in this elevated position aplug, is positioned on the jig. By merely depressing the lever 31 thetool is movedclockwse and the piercing operation is thus accomplished.

In Fig. 7 .I show the` piercing tool 4Q .positioned inthe cylindricalguide element 4I having the cam portion 42 coacting with the cam surface43onthetoolend. ,f Y

The tool 40 is .provided with a slot 44.., A pin 45 rigidly mounted inelement 4|` guides :the tool in its axial movement. I position a biasingspring 48 between the washers 41 and48. ,Washer 41 is slidable on thetool Whereas washer 48 rests against the backing pin 49. By holding theplug of the two upper front teeth onv a skull, whereby the tooth may becaused to pierce the tube from" 5 in the desired relation to the tooland the element and by moving the tool, by the application of a force onthe tool at the left, axially with reference to the element 4l, thepiercing operation is effected.

It will be noted that with the provision of my simple one-piece piercingtool, I eliminate all drilling, tapping and brazing operations that arerequired in connection with the closure plug I6 and I, therefore,provide a tool which effects a considerable saving in labor and inmaterials and thus effects a very important reduction in the cost ofPitot tubes.

'While I have shown but a few constructions for my piercing tools andsuggested alternate methods of piercing a tube from the inside, I do notwish to be limited to the particular construction shown but wish to belimited only by the claims hereto appended.

, I claim as my invention:

1. *'A tool forpiercing a tube from the inside comprising an elongatedmember having a handle at the rear end, the handle being tapered towardthe-front so that the member is relatively thin at a given distance fromthe front end of the member, at the thin4 region the taper changing sothat the member becomes progressively thicker toward the front end, nearAthe front end the member is formed to have the general shape cfa skulland is provided with a tooth in the region the inside when the front endof the member is inserted in a tube whose inside diameter is not'materially greater than the'vertical diameter lo1 mension not materiallyless than the inside diameter of the tube that is to be pierced from theinside and of lesser diametrical dimension for the remainder of itslength 4so that the'elongated member, when inserted in the tube, may bemoved angularly with reference to the axis of the tube to thus causeradial movement of the cutter as its thickened portion is fulcrumedinthe tube. whereby a hole may be out in the tube from the inside of thetube uponsuitable angular manipu#y lation of the element at the rear endof the member.

A 3. For the manufacture 4'of a heat distributing block for a heatedPitot tube wherein the block is provided with two axially disposed wellsthatare to be in communication at the bottom, a tool for piercing thematerial between the wells at the bottom of the Well, said tool having astraight bottom portion for the greater portion of its length exceptnear the end where the material is removed fora short distance towardthe axis of the tool but the very end portion beingl left in place, saidend portion that is left in place being shaped into a piercing element,the portion of the tool above the piercing element being curvedbackwardly and being .bulb-shaped so that its dimensions and shapenearly fill one of the wells in the block, the region back of the bulb'portion` s,s74,osi 3 region engage' the walls of the well as a. slidingthick end being secured to the back of the skull, pivot and vcause thematerial piercing end to whereby the tooth will pierce the material whenpierce the material between the wells. the tool is inserted in a tubularmember havingv Y 4. A tube piercing tool comprising, a. generally a.diameter not materially greater than that de skull-shaped front end witha. tooth at the region 5 termined by the arc of the skull taken on averof the two upper front teeth of a skull, a. handle tical plane andismoved to cause the skull to nod. tapered to have a thin. end and athick end, the EIDRED 0. MORTON.

